Love letter writing paper
Geography Paper 1 Topics Year 11
Thursday, September 3, 2020
Dbq pilgrimage of grace free essay sample
The Pilgrimage of Grace members were Catholics who were against the Protestant Reformation. They made equipped exhibitions and fights from 1536 to 1537 against Henry VII, leader of the Anglican Church, and Thomas Cromwell his Lord High Chancellor. Cromwell executed a progression of arrangements that incorporated the seizure of Catholic Church lands. The objectives of these members were to stop the Protestant Reformation and give more rights back to Catholics. They had worries with the protestants developing all the more impressive and having a protestant King in Henry the VII. The objectives of the Pilgrimage of Grace were to give power back to the Catholic Church in Europe and take validity from Proestants, yet rather their interests of the Protestant Reformation dominated them and their objectives were not reached. The Oath of Honorable Men the members must take says, You will not go into our Pilgrimage of Grace for common addition. Do as such for hell's sake, for the Holy Catholic Church activist. We will compose a custom exposition test on Dbq journey of effortlessness or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (Doc. 1). This vow shows that the individuals from the Pilgrimage should just dissent for the Catholic Church, not for their own benefit. The individuals must do this through their affection for God. At the time protestants and catholics had totally different perspectives and religion was a wellspring of pressure, despite the fact that the two gatherings are Christians. In a request introduced to the Kings Council, composed by Robert Aske in December of 1536, numerous things are asked of the Council. To have the incomparable leader of the Church be the Pope in Rome as in the past (Doc. 5). Henry VII had become the leader of the Church by the Act of Supremacy in 1534. The showings and fights of the Pilgrimage of Grace were to some degree responses to this demonstration. The Pope had been the substance of the Church for past hundreds of years. Presently, the King, a protestant political figure head, was additionally the pioneer of the Church. This was a significant worry of the Catholics who began these furnished exhibits. After the appeal, an irregular leaflet ascribed to Sir Thomas Tempest (a previous individual from Parliament for Newcastle) said that, The King should give our request against the swindler Thomas Cromwell and his followers, or if nothing else oust them from the domain (Doc. 6). Considering Cromwell a deceiver was a bombed endeavor to remove believability of the Kings Lord High Chancellor. The dissidents objective here was to dispose of the individual who was affecting the King the most, and detracting from the Catholic Churchs land. In December of 1536, Henry VII composed a letter that offered acquittal to the marchers and dissidents. Leave it alone admitted to you, the Kings subjects and ordinary citizens, have as of late dedicated disobedience that may have demolished your nation (Doc. 9). this is expressed at the outset part of his letter, where he says that Catholics who defy the Protestant way are destroying their own nation. The King at that point proceeds to express that he has feel sorry for on them and will acquit their offenses. This gave the dissidents more opportunity to show against the Protestant King and supporters. The individuals despite everything had worries that the Protestant Reformation would proceed so they didn't stop their fights to reestablish capacity to the Catholic Church. In the main preliminaries against the individuals from the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1537, 223 individuals were attempted and 144 indicted. Of those individuals, most by far were everyday people, except the gathering with the most noteworthy conviction rate were the individuals from the pastorate with 80% of those attempted sentenced (Doc. 10). The preliminaries kept going from January to March, however the Pilgrimage quit fighting in February of that year. In 1537, Robert Aske expressed in his declaration before his execution that, Once the cloisters in the north gave extraordinary assistance to the helpless men and excellent help to God. Presently no friendliness is appeared to voyagers (Doc. 11). This man of honor and individual from the Pilgrimage felt that in light of the fact that the objectives the dissenters set were not accomplished, the nation was not tantamount to it could be. He felt that a Catholic Europe during his timespan would be better than the Protestant Europe it was turning out to be. His declaration before his demise offers importance to the way that the Reformation was to amazing for the Pilgrimage of Grace and their objectives were never reached. The objectives of the Pilgrimage of Grace were never reached on the grounds that the worries and factors against them were to incredible. Thomas Cromwell employed an author named Richard Morrison to state, When each man rules, who will comply (Doc. 7). Here Cromwells considerations are stating that the revolutionaries are not improving anything for themselves, they are aggravating it. They should simply remain and comply with the King, rather they proceed to keep on dissenting. Their arrangements were halted when the King and Cromwell had enough and most of the individuals were sentenced after just a time of dissenting. The Protestant Reformation occurring during these shows was the explanation the showings were not effective. The nation was in strict change and most of individuals were improving with it.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Judicial Activism - Cons essays
Legal Activism - Cons papers Legal activism, a staple of the American court framework, has for quite some time been enduring an onslaught for the rule of its plan. Permitting critical choices to be left to the impulse of a few select people is an insecure technique for dealing with the lives of millions. Many will contend that legal activism, by its temperament, is one-sided, gives a lot of capacity to single individuals, and advances and helps wrongdoing. Judges have last say in significant legal disputes. They hold influence in a hoodlums critical, or can select to release a culprit. They decipher laws, and maybe in particular, decide the lawfulness of disputable governing body. Judges decisions are to a great extent dependent on close to home way of thinking and feeling. The motivation of judges are inspected nearly as intently as those of government officials. Many consider this to be a defective framework. Hypothetically, a law or practice might be established one year, though it might be completely lawful in another. Various individuals consider it wrong that judges can apparently change the Constitution. It is just the adjudicators who change, not the report our ancestors wrote. Presidents and Congress pick the appointed authorities who will make these decisions. Indeed, presidents frequently battle their arrangements for the court, as Nixon did when he said he would designate appointed authorities who werent so delicate on wron gdoing (Connolly, 1). This prompts the chance of a very one-sided court. The President, with an uncovered dominant part of the Senate, may select to the position anybody he picks. The whole procedure requires the simultaneousness of a negligible fifty-two people (O'Scannlain, 1). Reasonably effectively, the President can choose decides who will govern in support of him unequivocally. This isn't just obscure yet possibly unsafe. Resigned Judge Robert Bork stated, The liberal world class will remain determined to force its good and lawful structure on the remainder of society, and will even utilize outside courts, worldwide bargains and global ... <!
Friday, August 21, 2020
Standardized Testing free essay sample
It is safe to say that you are one of the numerous understudies who pack in a long time of examining the night prior to a test that has been worrying all of you week? You get up the following morning anxious and brimming with nervousness, just to accept a similar test as every other person, under indistinguishable conditions from every other person. Sounds reasonable right? Well I donââ¬â¢t trust it is, and hereââ¬â¢s why. Government sanctioned tests were made to test the information on an understudy over a specific course or subject. The ACT and SAT, for instance, are made out of four numerous decision segments for the most part including math, english, science and perusing. Well hereââ¬â¢s the clever thing, everybody is extraordinary. A few understudies flourish at composed tests where a few understudies fizzle. A few understudies are better at introductions where different understudies are most certainly not. In view of the distinctions in studentââ¬â¢s capacity to learn and hold data brought about by various training techniques and models secured, state sanctioned testing has become an inconsistent method to gauge a studentââ¬â¢s information and ought to be supplanted by different methods, for example, utilizing e-portfolios or execution based evaluation. We will compose a custom paper test on State administered Testing or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A portion of the principle issues with state administered tests, for example, the ACT or the SAT incorporate attempting to precisely quantify an understudies information over a specific arrangement of subjects and a wonder including educators called ââ¬Å"teaching the testâ⬠. In a 2013 discourse to the American Educational Research Association, Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said ââ¬Å"State evaluations in arithmetic and English frequently neglect to catch the full range of what understudies know and can do,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"Students, guardians, and teachers know there is significantly more to sound training than picking the correct answer on a different decision questionâ⬠(Evans). I totally concur with Arne Duncan on this issue. On a normal government sanctioned test you have around a twenty five percent possibility of finding the solution right. Conceivably, you could have an understudy who doesn't have the foggiest idea about the material by any stretch of the imagination, yet could figure directly on the greater part the appropriate responses and get kudos for it. Being an understudy who has taken the ACT more than once, I can sincerely say I feel like the ACT was a poor portrayal of my insight over the subjects tried on. Presently with the marvel called ââ¬Å"teaching the testâ⬠which is the place educators revolve their educational programs around state tests, understudies become subject just to material that will be found on the test. This not just purposes instructors to need innovativeness inside the educating of the course, yet in addition aims understudies to get restricted to learning test taking aptitudes. Despite the fact that state sanctioned testing can be destructive to studentââ¬â¢s innovativeness, there are a few options in contrast to this issue. One option in contrast to state administered testing, identifying with the SAT and ACT, would be the utilization of electronic portfolios or e-portfolios. Terrel Rhodes, VP for quality, educational program, and evaluation at the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AACU) says that ââ¬Å"E-portfolios give a way to gathering allocated work, just as understudies achievements in non-study hall settings, with the goal that staff, temporary job chiefs, and others can survey it and total or disaggregate the outcomes, contingent upon the reasons for the assessmentâ⬠(1). Fundamentally e-portfolios would be an assortment of studentââ¬â¢s singular work consistently, sorted out into an organizer that the instructor would approach consistently. This envelope would enable the instructor to see how every single understudy learns and give a review on how much every understudy detracted from the course, what not to educate in the next years and what to cover all the more vigorously. This option is more compelling and individual than a normalized different decision test since it allows the instructor to actually see how every individual understudy is advancing consistently. As far as school confirmations, if your portfolio was imparted to your preferred universities, it would permit school admissions to see your improvement consistently. So rather than simply observing an ACT test score that an understudy could have conceivably speculated on for the greater part the appropriate responses, they would have the option to see a portfolio indicating how well prepared and arranged for school the understudy is. It would be an incredible method for telling if the understudy would be a solid match for their program or not. Given the current information, I accept e-portfolios would be an incredible option in contrast to state sanctioned testing. Another option in contrast to state administered testing is execution based appraisal. ââ¬Å"Performance evaluations measure aptitudes, for example, the capacity to incorporate information across disciplines, add to crafted by a gathering, and build up a game plan when faced with another situationâ⬠(Brudali). This contrasts from state sanctioned testing in the way that instructors center more around the way toward realizing, where government sanctioned testing centers around the item. Rather than utilizing tests that are different decision that require an understudy to pick the one right answer, execution based evaluation generally employments bunch ventures, hands-on activities, expositions and verbal introductions to decide a studentââ¬â¢s information and aptitudes over a specific arrangement of subjects. Another bit of leeway to execution evaluation is that ââ¬Å"Performance appraisals give instructors more data about the adapting needs of their understudies and empower them to alter their techniques to meet these needsâ⬠(Wren). Instructors really attempt to evaluate every single understudies learning process and direct the class as needs be, letting understudies remove more from addresses. Having this sort of appraisal in secondary school would profit understudies hugely in school. Having involvement in verbal introductions and hands on activities will furnish the understudy a head start with aptitudes you requirement for school. These abilities would be utilized for interviews, bunch extends in labs and discourses allowed consistently. Execution based evaluation would colossally profit and get ready understudies for school and would be an incredible option in contrast to state sanctioned testing. Realizing that there are now demonstrated answers for state sanctioned testing, let me ask you for what good reason you are as yet taking them? Studies have obviously demonstrated that state sanctioned testing is an off base and questionable approach to show the information on understudies. Not just that, considers have additionally demonstrated that various techniques, for example, e-portfolios and the presentation based appraisals are a progressively precise and successful method for showing an understudies information over different subjects. So why donââ¬â¢t you step up to the plate? Join a club like understudy committee, a club where you have a state with what goes on with your school and the choices being made. Start a request against state administered testing and let understudies get included. Not just that, let your locale get included. Inform your loved ones concerning the weaknesses of state sanctioned testing and its failure to gauge studentsââ¬â¢ information. There are numerous ways you can engage in your school and network to have a state in the choices being made with issues, for example, government sanctioned testing. You should simply step up to the plate and follow up on it. With all the current information, I really accept state sanctioned testing is a horrible method to mirror a studentââ¬â¢s information and there are numerous options that can be given instead of it.
Saturday, June 6, 2020
Effect of Facebook on Children Essay - 550 Words
Does Facebook Have Generally Positive Psychological Effects? (Essay Sample) Content: Does Facebook Have Generally Positive Psychological Effects?NameInstitutionFacebook is one of the social networks having millions of users. It is a part of life in most people and people can get much information about someone by looking at the Facebook profile. It includes their likes, dislikes, friends, address, phone number, relationship status among other things. It has also improved the way people converse with each other and how they perceive themselves and the world. There are benefits and shortcomings of using Facebook as one of the social networksIt helps in keeping in touch with friends and family who live far away. It is because of its instant messaging and video chat. Some people regard it as a perfect way of staying connected. The profile information, status updates and photos keep one updated on the happenings of friends and families. Moreover, makes meeting new friends exceedingly easy because one can add as many friends as he likes. Nier claims that man y people find it easier to start a conversation with someone online than in real life situations (1997). Most of the high school relationships tend to start in Facebook conversations. It also makes it extremely easier for individuals to express themselves through simple status updates. Research shows that it is not easier to feel embarrassed over the social network than in person.Teenagers who spend more time on Facebook show an improved virtual empathy to their friends on the same social network. It also helps introverted adolescents to associate freely with their friends to overcome shyness. At times, Facebook provides a tool for teaching in captivating ways which engage students (Nier, 2007). Students can join pages and groups that are educative in nature, such pages contain specific information on several topics. Moreover, it has the latest news about current issues and this increases the general knowledge of an individual.According to Nier (2007) Facebook can act as a thriving ground for cyber bullying. Many people may gang up against an individual and they can say anything about someone since they are not monitored. It has also ruined various relationships by causing break ups in couples. It also causes distraction since anyone can start a chat when someone is not ready for it. Much time is wasted by students who chat and look at various pages on Facebook. Moreover, it causes insecurity since it may expose sensitive information about someone. People can compare themselves with others due to the information available on someoneà ¢Ã¢â ¬s profile.As a social netwo...
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Creating A Marketing Plan For Mba Capstone - 1386 Words
1. The major project for this course is creating a marketing plan. Provide company name, a description and URL, if available. You need to either select a small company or small non-profit that is already in business; however, if you work for a large company and would like to focus on that then concentrate on one small part; for example: your department. This project will become part of your portfolio created in the MBA Capstone course so create it for something that can be shared (with whom you choose to share it with). For example: if you create a plan for your department and are sharing confidential information you wonââ¬â¢t want to use it later in the Capstone class. Live on Grades ââ¬â A startup nonprofit organization that I am greatly involved with. My involvement is more technology sector in particular its website. Live on Grades was established 2 years ago and we are still looking to hire volunteers who can help us take the company to the next level. So far we had two fundraising events collecting over $3,000 and we have two more event by the end of this year. The goal of Live on Grades is to assist undergrad students earn their degrees by providing financial aid for every grade of A that the student earns. The website is www.LiveOnGrades.org 2. If consumers are being deluged by sensory over stimulation, what can a marketer do to cut through the clutter? We all show immediate response to any basic stimuli such as color, sound, smell, touch, or taste. Marketers use visualShow MoreRelatedResume : Business Administration And Management1179 Words à |à 5 PagesEurope, most MBAs, with a few notable exceptions such as the London School of Business, are earned over the course of a single academic year. In the United States, however, courses tend to run for two years. In two-year courses, the first year is taken up by core curriculum in essential business disciplines, such as finance, economics and organizational structure. In the second year, the student takes electives ââ¬â specialist courses ââ¬â and can tailor his degree to his own interests. The MBA has alwaysRead MoreIntegrating Social Media Into Traditional Marketing1400 Words à |à 6 PagesYvette Eisenhart Kaplan University GB601: MBA Capstone Unit 2 Assignment Integrating Social Media into Traditional Marketing 12/12/2012 Abstract Effective marketing is a requirement for successful market saturation. There are many marketing avenues available for companies to utilize including social media. Most companies use a variety of advertising outlets at once to reach a larger audience; this is called a media mixRead MoreSWOT and Value Chain Analysis of McDonalds1401 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿ Case analysis On McDonalds Sadikchya Acharya Kings College International American University Babarmahal, Kathmandu MBA Capstone Prof. Dr. Raj Kumar Sharma International American University Kings College Babarmahal, Kathmandu Introduction and Background McDonalds as establishes in 1955 corporation and the multinational was first started by form Roy, it has its global operation for more than 119 countries selling its food items globally specially Korc. Currently as we see the data there areRead MoreTeam Charter Template1902 Words à |à 8 PagesGM600 MBA Capstone TEAM CHARTER I. Team Information TEAM: ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â | | TEAM DURATION: ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â8 weeks | DEPARTMENT: GM600 | | REPORTING TO: J. Hootman His Contact Info: 503-430-4566, jwhootman01@comcast.net | MEMBER NAME | # | PHONE # | | EMAIL | | AVAILABILITY | Tara Backes | 1 | 503-432-5864 | | Tnbackes@me.com | | Afternoons after 2pm | Tom Nicolosi | 2 | 801-850-3386 | | tomnicolosi@hotmail.com | | After 8 m (Off Monday-Wednesday) | Nicodemus Pederson | 3 | 503-962-0642Read MoreTerm2139 Words à |à 9 PagesHamermesh; Paul W. Marshall; Taz Pirmohamed English PDF | 802048-PDF-ENG ZOOTS: The Cleaner Cleaner Myra M. Hart; Sharon I. Peyus English Hard Copy Black and White | 801114-HCB-ENG How to Write a Great Business Plan William A. Sahlman English PDF | 97409-PDF-ENG Business Plan for Room for Dessert: Adding Unique Ingredients to Life s Balancing Act Joseph B. Lassiter; Michael J. Roberts English PDF | 899008-PDF-ENG NanoGene Technologies, Inc. Michael J. Roberts; Linda A. Cyr EnglishRead MoreNew Developments in Technology Management7684 Words à |à 31 Pagesaction. Data/Methods Analysis of development of a COT program for MBA, PhD, and masterââ¬â¢s students at North Carolina State over 14year period. Findings/Conclusions Enactive mastery experiences have to be perceived as authentic and real to have desired effect; importance of loosely structured handson engagement; program needs to be real, intensive, interdisciplinary and iterative; need to create temporal checkpoints, decenter business plans, to structure large blocks of time, to emphasize and balance teamRead MoreLiterature Review on Customer Service Management on Emirates3397 Words à |à 14 PagesBUS 324 Services Marketing Group Assignment 2: Literature Review Emirates Airlines Done By: Sheela Mehta Date: 14/11/2012 Literature Review on Customer Service Management Introduction One among many of the definitions given to customer service by Jay Kandampully (2012) in his book ââ¬Å"Service Management: A New Paradigm in Retailingâ⬠are ââ¬Å"Customer Service is a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction- that is, the feeling that a product orRead MoreProblems Facing the Pharmaceutical Industry and Approaches to Ensure Long Term Viability14741 Words à |à 59 PagesTHE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AND APPROACHES TO ENSURE LONG TERM VIABILITY Approved by: ___________________________________________________ Richard Bayney, Ph.D., Advisor ___________________________________________________ Keith Hornbacher, MBA, Reader ____________________________________________________ Martin, Stankard, Ph.D., Reader ABSTRACT This paper examines the Pharmaceutical (Pharma) industry and the changes that have occurred particularly over the last 10 years as a resultRead MoreWoolworths Introduction4438 Words à |à 18 PagesMBA503 - Marketing for Managers Session 1 2013 Faculty of Business School of Management and Marketing CSU Study Centre Melbourne Internal Mode Subject Coordinator Belinda Fridey Subject Overview Welcome to a new session of study at Charles Sturt University. Marketing is an enterprise wide opportunity for any organisation to understand its customers and the markets they might wish to participate in. Marketing management is concerned with identifying, entering and developing markets and aligning theRead MoreKkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk6406 Words à |à 26 PagesAutomotive Engineering Advising Document Master of Engineering in Automotive Engineering CURRICULUM Systems Engineering Core Engineering Electives Management and Human Factors Automotive Engineering Seminar and Capstone Project TOTAL PROGRAM: Semester Credit 9 9 6 6 30 The M. Eng. Degree in Automotive Engineering requires a total of 30 creditsââ¬â27 of which must be letter (A-E) graded. A minimum grade point average of 5.0/9.0 (ââ¬Å"Bâ⬠average) is required for graduation. Of the 30 credit hours, 24
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The No Child Left Behind Act Equality And Equality In...
Many attempts were made in the hopes of increasing the equality in Americaââ¬â¢s educational system. The passage of many acts to help with the achievement gap in education between normal students and students at a disadvantage. One act, known as the No Child Left Behind Act, helped with the effort in reducing the inequality present in education. The act required schools to implement standardized tests, states to further fund schools who needed more funding, and teachers to spend more time in teaching the core subjects that were presented in the tests. In all, the NCLB was a step in the right direction for the improvement in contemporary education. History and development of the No Child Left Behind Act For years, education has been theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ross Perot idea standardized tests in further development. Goals 2000 was put into action with the ââ¬Å"hopes of increasing student proficiency in core subject areas, such as, reading, and mathematicsâ⬠(Schmidt, pg. 13). The foundation of the NCLB act was derived from the Goals 2000. With the Goals 2000 requirements in the testing portion, NCLB act created more ââ¬Å"accountability by strengthening the relationship between the federal, state, and local educational agenciesâ⬠(Schmidt, pg. 13). Meaning that the government and state were given more power to say what should be taught to children in Americaââ¬â¢s schools. This effort was established in the hopes of making education more equal and uniform throughout the schools to help with closing the achievement gap. This way students who were believed to be at a disadvantage could climb the charts and become equal with the students who were succeedi ng in school. Legislation for the NCLB act With everything that is presented to congress, comes compromising and sacrifice to get what everyone wants. With the NCLB mostly everyone in congress agreed that it would benefit the children in America. The act came to life through president George W. Bush on January of 2001. On May 23rd, the act was voted on by the House of Representatives, with a vote of 384 to 45, putting it one step closer to being in law (NCLB House Vote #145, n.d.). A few months later on June 14th the senate voted on the act. With a vote of 91 to 8, theShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Over the No Child Left Behind Act Essay1014 Words à |à 5 PagesThe current debates surrounding the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 are both positive and negative. Many politicians and people that previously supported the Act are now standing against it. In the beginning many supported the new Act because everyone was aware that a change needed to happen in the education system and the proposal o f No Child Left Behind seemed like the answer we were looking for. 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Demographics are leaving an everlasting imprint on U.S. education, spanning back to the late nineteenth century at Harvard University (Du Bois 364). According to Norman Eng (Adjunct Assistant Professor at Brooklyn College and education researcher/writerRead Moreunderstand diversity, equality and inclusion in own are of responsibility1243 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿CU2943 1.1 Explain models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility. Equality is to treat all as individuals; to respect race, disability, age, gender, religion, beliefs, culture and sexual orientation. For all to be open to opportunities, to be treated fairly and respectfully, have rights and equal status in society and for all to reach their full potential. Diversity is to value that we are all unique and yet similar. We have different needsRead MoreNo Child Left Behind1538 Words à |à 7 PagesWe all have heard the key to success is education. However, in the United States, that key to success is far fetched. America as a whole needs many improvements. While America will never be a perfect society as I dream, America needs to take a step forward to improving the country for all. A better education system will be a step toward improving the United States. The education system in America continues to fail our children and falls behind compared to other countries. Children today are tomorrowââ¬â¢sRead MoreLooking into the Mirrior: Homosexuals Human Rights in the USA1396 Words à |à 6 Pagesbehavior of members of the same sex. â⬠¢ No Child Left Behind- An act that went into effect January 2001 it is a standard based reform program aimed at making all students proficient by the year 2014. â⬠¢ Equity- Fairness in regards to all people. â⬠¢ Homophobia- The fear of a person who is attracted to someone of the same sex. â⬠¢ GLBT- Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Religious Affiliation- To be connected to an organization that proclaims morality and equality for all. Introduction With the riseRead MoreEducational Equality For Students With Disabilities1001 Words à |à 5 PagesChapter thirteen of Multicultural Education focuses on providing educational equality for students with disabilities. When you enter a classroom environment there are a variety of differences that you will notice from one student to another. These differences range from studentsââ¬â¢ height, weight, attire, and even skin color, hair color, and other physical characteristics. Aside from the many physical characteristics that one might notice, there are other less visible characteristics that you mightRead MoreNo child left behind act1000 Words à |à 4 PagesNo child left behind act has been a big issues ever since its establishment in 2009 by President George Bush. There has been cry by some parents for the law to be repeal because they feel it is creating more problem for the educational system. However, critical analysis of the situation of the students grades by comparing the pe riod before and after the establishment of No child left behind will show that the law has brought tremendous improvement in our education and need to stay. Education is theRead MoreEssay on Public Education1719 Words à |à 7 PagesPublic Education Education is an issue that touches everyoneââ¬â¢s lives in one way or another. Whether you are a parent, student, teacher, taxpayer, or employee, the effects of education on society can be seen everyday. For this reason, public schools are a top concern among political leaders. Over the past twenty-five years, confidence in the nationââ¬â¢s public school system has dramatically declined. While the public for the most part seems to support their school district, criticismRead MoreEvery Student Succeeds Act Essay1351 Words à |à 6 PagesPresident Obama signed the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) on December 10, 2015. This Act advances the 52-year-old, Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) that was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson in an attempt to provide quality education to all students regardless of race or ethnicity, language, disability, or family income. Viewed as a civil rights law, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act further advanced equality in education; yet itââ¬â¢s very cumbersome requirements became untenable
Public Health and Ethics Health Ethics Stream
Question: Discuss about the Report for Public Health and Ethics of Health Ethics Stream. Answer: 1. The first and foremost aim of any public health program as per public health ethics stream by Australian Association of Bioethics and Health (AABHL) is to minimise the consequences of targeted disease that can be infectious, chronic or any other disease harnessing health of public (1). The BreastScreen NSW is a breast-screening program that uses mammogram technique for the detection of breast cancer in the target population. As this program works to detect a chronic health condition that is breast cancer it can be surely considered as a public health program (2). This BreastScreen NSW program using mammogram technology possesses the capability to identify breast cancer at a very initial stage of its development in human body. Therefore, by getting a mammogram test you can assure your safety breast cancer. The mammogram technology detects cancer long before it spreads in the body. The mammogram is an X-ray detection process using low energy ionising radiation to detect normal and abnormal conditions in the breast of individual women by using it as a screening tool. Therefore, BreastScreen program is a clinical service provided in the form of public health program. Even the outcome this program shows very promising approaches where women detected with breast cancer in BreastScreen program at NSW shows highest chances of cancer survival globally (2). 2. There is always a conflict between the norms of public health ethics with the clinical ethics to justify cancer-screening programs as ethically reliable, but these programs are now honouring both public and clinical health ethics. The BreastScreen NSW program justifies public health ethics by providing a National program, public funding support, and tool to improve general public health. Further, the program suit clinical ethics situation where it works for common public welfare, population level reasoning, no harm is provided to individual, individual autonomy is respected and screening is performed as per the interest of the individual. Therefore, it can be stated that this BreastScreen NSW screening program is a public symbol to screening program. The mammographic screening offers population the most effective clinical interventions as per the outcomes of screening evaluation. The program works to progress in a manner to gain faith in the health system by honest communication and public participation entertained in the screening program. Hence, this program completely justifies the clinical service ethics criteria. Further, as a public health program, BreastScreen program ensures public aspects of screening, protect public rights and dignity, confirms autonomy and beneficence ethics to function as public health activity. Hence, this screening program is both a clinical service and public health activity as per ethical evaluation (3,4). 3. The potential benefits and harms of mammographic screening are described below: - Benefit The mammographic screening is a quick detection of cancerous conditions in women body that can help to minimise the mortality rate of breast cancer Mammography has potential to detect the smallest form or indication of breast cancer even before the lump or tumour appearance The early stage detection of breast cancer helps to improve the survival possibilities of individual. Harms The mammographic screening is not 100% accurate test having the possibility of giving false alarms or false positive breast cancer result or false negative breast cancer result in case breast cancer is present. The mammographic screening is considered as overdiagnosis because it can detect both cancerous and non-cancerous non-invasive tumour (DCIS). The cancerous DCIS requires treatment to avoid life-threatening conditions but the non-cancerous DCIS does not always require a treatment and lead to overtreatment. Even the doctors are not able to distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous DCIS. In the mammography screening involves a small radiation exposure in the form of X-ray to the human breast. The breast regions consist of soft tissues that are very sensitive to radiation exposure. Hence, X-ray exposure in mammography also persists capacity to develop cancer in the body (5,7). Costs The cost of mammography varies between $51 and $150 per mammogram indicating an out-of-pocket amount for normal people (3) The potential benefits of mammography have always overweighed the harms of this screening process. In the case of false positive or negative outcomes, you can confirm breast cancer by undergoing further diagnosis like ultrasound, biopsy etc. To overrule the risk of radiation exposure you can concern the healthcare physician before getting a screening test done in your body. In this manner, the harms of mammography can be managed but its benefits make it an essential process of health check up (6,7,1). 4. Above the potential benefits, harms and cost of mammographic the other ethical considerations are its potential to reduce the overall physical harm and provides a good physical health. The major priority of screening program is to avoid physical health harms that work as a beneficence ethics of healthcare. Further, breast screening provides psychological wellbeing by assuring the absence of disease in the individual body. This helps to reduce the anxiety and trauma usually found in women concerning about their health in older ages. Screening also supports autonomy to gain, distribute and share information regarding once health which women are usually afraid to share. By implementing the breast-screening program, women share issues related to health with medical professional which they usual do not share in the situation of personal evaluation. The screening program provides a healthy, reliable and supporting environment to participants that support autonomy (8). 5. The mammographic screening programs provide an overall ethically justified intervention with a purpose to detect and address the issue of chronic breast cancer in target populations. Such programs minimise the financial strain occurring due to high costs of screening evaluation that are usually not affordable to low socio-economic groups like aboriginal Australian. Thus, the program works to conserve the healthcare ethics of low-socio economic group by providing equal opportunity for the health evaluation. Further, the ethical autonomy and beneficence of population are addressed with such screening programs where the rights of people are protected in providing them healthcare services beneficial for their all-around physical stability. However, the literature related to ethics of screening still requires a further exposure and development. But, as per this study the screening programs work in a balanced manner to meet the determined public health betterment and clinical services goals established in program. All principles meant for clinical and public health ethics are addressed in this BreastScreen NSW program for screening breast cancer. References list Kerridge I. Ethics and law for the health professions. 1998. Kerri's Story (BreastScreen NSW) [Internet]. Breastscreen.nsw.gov.au. 2016 [cited 9 August 2016]. Available from: https://www.breastscreen.nsw.gov.au/campaigns/kerris-story/ National Cancer Institute. 2016 [cited 9 August 2016]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/mammograms-fact-sheet#q3 Staunton PJ, Chiarella M. Law for nurses and midwives. Elsevier Australia; 2012. Verweij M, Dawson A. The meaning of publicin public health. Ethics, prevention, and public health. 2007 Jan 18:13-29. Grainger J, OzoliÃâ¦Ã¢â¬ JT. Foundations of Healthcare Ethics. Cambridge University Press; 2015 Apr 8. Kalager, M., Zelen, M., Langmark, F., Adami, H. O. (2010). Effect of screening mammography on breast-cancer mortality in Norway. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(13), 1203-1210 Ortmann LW, Barrett DH, Saenz C, Bernheim RG, Dawson A, Valentine JA, Reis A. Public Health Ethics: Global Cases, Practice, and Context. InPublic Health Ethics: Cases Spanning the Globe 2016 (pp. 3-35). Springer International Publishing.
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